Yoga is an ancient Eastern technique that is now practiced in the West almost like any other sporting discipline. We can find it in specialized centers or gyms, combined with other sports practices, such as pilates. However, if what we are looking for is a correct practice of yoga, we must follow a series of guidelines, taking into account that in its practice there are two equally important components: both the physical and the mental. Thus, for comprehensive development, it is recommended to follow the 4 paths of yoga.
These 4 paths of yoga stimulate our development on different levels: action, spirituality, wisdom, and mental and physical control.
Karma yoga, the first path of yoga
This is the so-called “ yoga of action ”. It is based, as its name indicates, on the conscious action of the person who practices it. It is associated with aspects such as attitude, duty, motivation, or renunciation.
The main objective of the first of the four paths of yoga is religious devotion: the individual must unconditionally devote himself to that in which he believes, leaving aside assumptions about the result. Thus, a maxim is exemplified: the path is much more important than the destination, and on it, one must fulfill one’s dharma or religious duty. Karma, that is, action, must have God as its destination, so that moksha (liberation) occurs.
There are different ways of understanding this kind of yoga, although they all converge in selfless work (which may or may not be material). The result of this work will be correct, regardless of whether it is beneficial or not, depending on the degree of devotion of the person.
Bhakti yoga, the second path of yoga
This type of yoga is related to spirituality. In it, the relationship between God and the believer is important. This relationship is established by reciting the name of the god in the form of a mantra; devotees also achieve this relationship by singing hymns, even with emblems. Another important part is the pilgrimage to religious sites.
All these actions would bring a person closer to his deity and would translate into relationships of all kinds. That is why some consider this kind of yoga as a religious and non-religious discipline at the same time. Establishing a relationship with God through bhakti yoga can mean becoming a friend of the deity while generating a duty towards him.
Jñāna yoga, the third path of yoga
Also known as jnana yoga, it is the branch that considers wisdom or absolute knowledge as the most appropriate way to approach God. In this discipline, one discerns between the material and immaterial, between what is real and not. Control of the senses and impulses is also practiced as a test of wisdom. Renunciation of pleasure and concentration are also fundamental.
Followers of this doctrine must have complete control over their emotions, and sensory experiences and dedicate their existence to knowledge. This is part of their devotion to God.
Raya yoga, the fourth path of yoga
The last of the four paths of yoga, Raja Yoga, is described in the oldest known book on yoga: the Yoga Sutra. This doctrine considers mental and physical control as a fundamental element as a method to get closer to God. Its doctrine is not very clear, which is why it has often been confused or merged with other types of yoga. Among the types of yoga that are related to this doctrine is Hatha Yoga, one of the most widespread yoga methods in the world, based on asanas or postures.
The practice of raja yoga often involves meditation. To practice it, one must find a quiet place where, sitting, the individual can focus on the present and get away from external noises. Once a state of mental peace is reached, the practitioner must learn to achieve this state of mental peace in his or her daily life.
These 4 paths of yoga are very ancient religious practices, described in books that are difficult to interpret. Today, our conception of yoga is based on interpreting it from our Western perspective, taking what interests us. We may simply want to get away from stress, relieve back pain, or connect with our spirituality in another way.